219 West Promo from CUNY Grad School of Journalism on Vimeo.
Monday, November 23, 2009
Monday, November 16, 2009
Commodification of the Past
Yugo-nostalgia: Cultural Memory and Media in former Yugoslavia - Zala Volčič
commodification of the past
ideological machinery
Yogoslavian subjects
to imagine common historical memory
Yugoslavia as a cultural, civic space
Internally unified homogenous nation state after the collapse of the USSR
civilian supra-national identity
Nostalgia
commercialization of culture
all were used to reimagine the cultural idenity
Nostalgia Industry
1. Revisionist Nostalgia
2. Aethetic Nostalgia
3. Escapist, utopian nostalgia
Yugoslavia Cyber Citizenship
To redeem their dignity
They want to define themselves on the background of different identities.
Reinvent Yugoslavia
Tito might have been first easily available entity they can utilize to symbolize their imagined identity.
How do they reconcile their pursuit of new versions of national memory with their painful past in which many people killed, tortured, and bombed?
Physical and spiritual freedom necessitates ideological supporting that back up their new identity and fill the void left out after the dictatorial regimes in the past
How nostalgia is enlisted in the process of production of nationalism?
revive
repackage
resale
commodification of the past
ideological machinery
Yogoslavian subjects
to imagine common historical memory
Yugoslavia as a cultural, civic space
Internally unified homogenous nation state after the collapse of the USSR
civilian supra-national identity
Nostalgia
commercialization of culture
all were used to reimagine the cultural idenity
Nostalgia Industry
1. Revisionist Nostalgia
2. Aethetic Nostalgia
3. Escapist, utopian nostalgia
Yugoslavia Cyber Citizenship
To redeem their dignity
They want to define themselves on the background of different identities.
Reinvent Yugoslavia
Tito might have been first easily available entity they can utilize to symbolize their imagined identity.
How do they reconcile their pursuit of new versions of national memory with their painful past in which many people killed, tortured, and bombed?
Physical and spiritual freedom necessitates ideological supporting that back up their new identity and fill the void left out after the dictatorial regimes in the past
How nostalgia is enlisted in the process of production of nationalism?
revive
repackage
resale
Thursday, October 22, 2009
Ethically Challenged Visual Communications
TV anchor ( Mirthala Salinas) and LA mayor (Antonio Villaraigosa)
Amy Jacobson - Chicago reporter
Obama poster: Shepard Fairey, Mannie Ramirez (Freelancer, later affiliated to AP)
All acts of visual communication have consequences (act utilitarianism). Therefore visual communications must engage only in acts that do the greatest good for the greatest number.
Ralph Lauren model Filippa Hamilton: I was fired because I was too fat!
Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2009/10/14/2009-10-14_model_fired_for_being_too_fat.html#ixzz0Uh8v3Qfk
It looks she has osteoporosis problem.
Katie Couric & photoshoped picture
Michael Born (German video journalist) faked videos for sensationalism.
Would what he did have been subject to legal charges if it happened in U.S.?
In America, there is no such concept as fake or hate speech.
You are free to put anything out there.
Jason Blair issue
American exceptionalism - fundamental issue of free speech
We have market place of idea - market will punish it.
Government should not choose what is ethical and legal in terms of speech and expression.
Europe it developed into the black market of hate speech.
To him, American system is more preferable.
Slam grows in the dark.
Amy Jacobson - Chicago reporter
Obama poster: Shepard Fairey, Mannie Ramirez (Freelancer, later affiliated to AP)
All acts of visual communication have consequences (act utilitarianism). Therefore visual communications must engage only in acts that do the greatest good for the greatest number.
Ralph Lauren model Filippa Hamilton: I was fired because I was too fat!
Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2009/10/14/2009-10-14_model_fired_for_being_too_fat.html#ixzz0Uh8v3Qfk
It looks she has osteoporosis problem.
Katie Couric & photoshoped picture
Michael Born (German video journalist) faked videos for sensationalism.
Would what he did have been subject to legal charges if it happened in U.S.?
In America, there is no such concept as fake or hate speech.
You are free to put anything out there.
Jason Blair issue
American exceptionalism - fundamental issue of free speech
We have market place of idea - market will punish it.
Government should not choose what is ethical and legal in terms of speech and expression.
Europe it developed into the black market of hate speech.
To him, American system is more preferable.
Slam grows in the dark.
Monday, September 28, 2009
How to Turn Off Snap Shots Link Preview on WordPress Blogs
In short:
In WordPress.com blogs: Go to Presentation/Appearance > Extras and uncheck the Snap Preview/Snap Shots feature box to disable it on your blog. Click Update to save the changes.
More on this at:
http://lorelle.wordpress.com/2007/09/05/how-to-turn-off-snap-preview-on-wordpress-blogs/
In WordPress.com blogs: Go to Presentation/Appearance > Extras and uncheck the Snap Preview/Snap Shots feature box to disable it on your blog. Click Update to save the changes.
http://lorelle.wordpress.com/2007/09/05/how-to-turn-off-snap-preview-on-wordpress-blogs/
Thursday, September 24, 2009
Media Effects Research Table of Contents
Preface xv
A Scientific Approach to the Study of Media 1 (19)
Effects
Ways of Knowing 2 (2)
Experience 2 (1)
Authority 3 (1)
Science 4 (1)
Goals of Science 4 (4)
Prediction 4 (1)
Explanation 5 (1)
Understanding 6 (1)
Control 6 (2)
How are the Goals of Science Achieved? 8 (9)
Theory 8 (2)
Falsifiability 10 (1)
The Nature of Science 11 (1)
Science Is General 12 (2)
Science Acknowledges the Existence of 14 (1)
Objective Truth
Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude 15 (1)
Science Can't Answer Certain Kinds of 16 (1)
Questions
Summary 17 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 18 (1)
Notes 18 (2)
Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research 20 (24)
Analyzing Media Content 20 (5)
What Is Content Analysis? 21 (1)
An Example: The Content of Popular Music 22 (1)
The Sample 22 (1)
Units of Analysis 23 (1)
Categories 23 (1)
Coding Agreement 23 (1)
Statistical Analysis 24 (1)
Interpretation of Findings 24 (1)
The Sample Survey 25 (4)
An Example: Does Watching a Traumatic
Event on TV Cause
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? 26 (1)
The Sample 27 (1)
The Questionnaire 27 (1)
Descriptive Findings 27 (1)
Statistical Relationships 27 (1)
Interpretation of the Findings 28 (1)
Types of Surveys 28 (1)
The Search for Causal Relationships 29 (6)
Criteria for Causal Relationships 29 (1)
Correlation Coefficients 30 (1)
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients 30 (5)
The Experimental Method 35 (4)
Manipulation of a Key Variable 35 (1)
Random Assignment to Experimental 35 (1)
Conditions
Identical Treatment Except for the 36 (1)
Manipulation
Control Groups 36 (1)
Different Experimental Designs 37 (1)
An Example: The Effects of Mood on 38 (1)
Music Listening Choice
Participants 38 (1)
Independent Variable 39 (1)
Dependent Variable 39 (1)
Experimental Results 39 (1)
Interpretation of Results 39 (1)
Controversy About Research Methods 39 (1)
Other Methodological Approaches 40 (1)
Summary 41 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 42 (1)
Notes 42 (2)
A Brief History of Media Effects Research 44 (18)
Setting the Stage 45 (1)
1898---Congress Declares War on Spain 45 (1)
1917---Propaganda in World War I 46 (1)
The 1920s---Movies Explode as 46 (1)
Mainstream Entertainment
1929-1932---The Payne Fund Studies 46 (4)
What Was the Content of Movies? 47 (1)
The Emotional Impact of Movies 47 (1)
Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior? 48 (1)
The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies 49 (1)
The Invasion From Mars 50 (1)
The Research at Princeton 50 (1)
Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic 51 (1)
Bullet Model
The People's Choice Study: The 52 (5)
Limited-Effects Model
Why Use Control Groups? 52 (1)
Media Impact in the 1940 Campaign 53 (1)
Experiments on World War II Movies 53 (2)
The Limited-Effects Perspective 55 (2)
The Evils of Comic Books 57 (1)
The Dawn of Television 57 (1)
Many Types of Media Effects 58 (1)
Micro-Level or Macro-Level Effects 58 (1)
Content-Specific or Diffuse-General 59 (1)
Effects
Attitudinal Versus Behavioral Versus 59 (1)
Cognitive Changes
Alteration Versus Stabilization 59 (1)
Summary 59 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 60 (1)
Notes 60 (2)
Time Spent with Mass Media: Reasons and 62 (18)
Consequences
The Uses and Gratifications Perspective 63 (5)
Why Do Children Watch TV? 63 (1)
Learning 63 (1)
Habit 64 (1)
Companionship 65 (1)
Arousal 66 (1)
Relaxation 66 (1)
Escape 66 (1)
Passing Time 67 (1)
Uses and Gratifications Among Older 67 (1)
Viewers
The Problem With Self-reports 68 (1)
Time Spent With Media 69 (7)
The Displacement Hypothesis 70 (1)
Displacement of Important Activities 71 (2)
Television Viewing and Obesity 73 (3)
Summary 76 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 76 (1)
Notes 77 (3)
Effects of Media Violence 80 (25)
The Presence of Violent Content 82 (3)
The Causal Link Between Viewing Violence 85 (7)
and Behaving Aggressively
The Research of Albert Bandura 85 (2)
The Long-Term Studies of Leonard Eron 87 (2)
and Rowell Huesmann
The Research of Brandon Centerwall 89 (1)
The Catharsis Hypothesis 89 (2)
A Priming Analysis of the Effect of 91 (1)
Media Violence
Desensitization to Violence 92 (1)
What About Video Games? Are They Training 93 (6)
Kids to Kill?
An Opinion on Video Games from an 94 (1)
Expert on ``Killology''
What Does the Research Say? 95 (4)
Why Do People Like Media Violence? 99 (2)
Where Does Research on Media Violence Go 101(1)
Now?
Concluding Comments 101(1)
Summary 102(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 102(1)
Notes 102(3)
Sexual Content in the Media 105(23)
Human Sexuality Brings out Passionate 105(2)
Opinion
Sorting Out Definitions and Terms 107(1)
The Commission on Obscenity and 108(1)
Pornography
Major Finding 108(1)
A Reexamination of the Commission's 109(2)
Findings
Research Following the Commission Report 111(4)
Content Available 112(1)
Perceptual Consequences of Viewing 112(1)
Behavioral Consequences of Viewing 113(2)
The Meese Commission Report on Pornography 115(2)
Major Conclusion 115(2)
Sex on Prime-Time TV 117(6)
The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer 118(1)
Content Analyses 119(1)
Sexual Behavior and Viewing 120(3)
Control Over Media Content 123(2)
Sex and the Internet 123(1)
Legal Control 123(1)
Social or Economic Control 124(1)
Control Through Education 124(1)
Summary 125(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 125(1)
Notes 125(3)
Media that Stir Emotions 128(22)
Fright Reactions to Media are Prevalent 129(1)
Developmental Theory: What Scares One 130(1)
Child May Not Scare Another
Experimenting With the Incredible Hulk 131(1)
Why Is the Paranormal So Scary? 132(5)
Poltergeist 135(1)
The Nightmare on Elm Street Series 135(1)
The Exorcist 136(1)
Why Do Some Media Fears Linger for So 137(1)
Long?: A Theory of Differential Brain
Processing
Theory About Emotional Coping: What's a 138(1)
Parent to Do?
Is It Fun to Be Scared? 139(3)
Frightening Films and Roller-Coaster 140(1)
Rides
The Sexual Dynamic in Viewing 141(1)
Frightening Films
Beyond Fear: Other Emotional Reactions to 142(4)
Media
Empathy: I Feel What You Feel 142(1)
Using Media to Manage Your Mood 142(3)
Does Mediated Emotion Disrupt and 145(1)
Confuse Our Emotional Well-Being?
Summary 146(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 147(1)
Notes 148(2)
Persuasive Effects of the Media 150(28)
What Is Persuasion? 150(1)
How Media Messages Persuade Without Even 151(7)
Trying
The Theory of Media Cultivation: 153(3)
Cultivating Attitudes is Attitude Change
Do Media Messages About the Paranormal 156(2)
Influence Paranormal Beliefs?
Intentional Persuasion in the Media 158(3)
Using Entertainment to Improve Public 158(1)
Health
The Great American Values Test 159(1)
How Does an Advertiser Determine 160(1)
Success?
Some Evidence for the Effectiveness of 160(1)
Advertising
Some Key Principles of Media Persuasion 161(7)
The Power of the Source 163(1)
Message Features: Simplicity and 164(1)
Repetition
More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and 164(2)
Humor
The Health Campaign 166(2)
Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key? 168(5)
Early History 169(1)
The Presumed Mechanism 169(1)
Two Important Questions 170(1)
A Caveat: Research on Subliminal Priming 171(1)
The Third-Person Effect 172(1)
Summary 173(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 173(1)
Notes 174(4)
The Effects of News and Political Content 178(21)
Thinking About the News 178(10)
Need for Cognition 179(1)
Political Sophistication 180(1)
Agenda-Setting Theory: A Theory About 181(2)
Thinking
The Spiral of Silence 183(2)
How Much of the News Do We Remember? 185(3)
The Role of Emotion 188(4)
Another View of News: Do Certain News 192(3)
Reports Cause More People to Die?
Imitative Suicides and the News 193(2)
Summary 195(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 195(1)
Notes 196(3)
The Effects of Media Stereotypes 199(20)
Stereotypical Representations in the Media 199(11)
Sex Role Stereotypes 201(1)
Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes 202(2)
Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects 204(3)
on Body Image
Racial Stereotypes 207(1)
Overrepresentation of African Americans 208(2)
as Lawbreakers
The Imbalance in Media Research on 210(2)
Stereotypes
An Intriguing and Under-Studied Media 212(4)
Depiction: Faces
Summary 216(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 216(1)
Notes 217(2)
The Impact of New Media Technologies 219(18)
The Revolution in New Media Technology 219(2)
Computers and the Internet: Connection or 221(13)
Alienation?
The Carnegie Mellon Study 222(2)
Applying the Lessons of History 224(4)
Thinking About New Technology 228(3)
Speculation About New Technology Effects 231(1)
Will Our Old Brains Catch Up to the New 232(1)
Technology?
Potential Medium Effects on Health 233(1)
Summary 234(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 234(1)
Notes 235(2)
Meet Marshall McLuhan: A Less Scientific 237(18)
Approach to Media Impact
Is There Any Value to Considering 237(1)
Marshall McLuhan?
Meet Marshall McLuhan 238(1)
The Eras of Communication History 239(3)
The Tribal Age 239(1)
Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print 240(1)
Age
Moving On to the Current Electronic Age 241(1)
The Medium is the Message 242(2)
The Effects of Electronic Media on Human 244(7)
Beings
Education in the Electronic Age 244(2)
War in the Electronic Age: Not So 246(3)
``Hot''
Politics in the Electronic Age: Was 249(1)
Bill Clinton ``Cooler'' Than George
Bush?
Did McLuhan's Perspective Predict a 249(1)
Winner Between Obama and McCain?
Drugs in the Electronic Age 250(1)
McLuhan's Influence 251(1)
Some Final Reflections 252(1)
Summary 252(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 252(1)
Notes 253(1)
Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan 253(2)
Appendix Theories and Theoretical Concepts 255(2)
Discussed in the Text (by Chapter)
Name Index 257(4)
Subject Index 261
http://bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp/htmy/049556785X.html
A Scientific Approach to the Study of Media 1 (19)
Effects
Ways of Knowing 2 (2)
Experience 2 (1)
Authority 3 (1)
Science 4 (1)
Goals of Science 4 (4)
Prediction 4 (1)
Explanation 5 (1)
Understanding 6 (1)
Control 6 (2)
How are the Goals of Science Achieved? 8 (9)
Theory 8 (2)
Falsifiability 10 (1)
The Nature of Science 11 (1)
Science Is General 12 (2)
Science Acknowledges the Existence of 14 (1)
Objective Truth
Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude 15 (1)
Science Can't Answer Certain Kinds of 16 (1)
Questions
Summary 17 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 18 (1)
Notes 18 (2)
Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research 20 (24)
Analyzing Media Content 20 (5)
What Is Content Analysis? 21 (1)
An Example: The Content of Popular Music 22 (1)
The Sample 22 (1)
Units of Analysis 23 (1)
Categories 23 (1)
Coding Agreement 23 (1)
Statistical Analysis 24 (1)
Interpretation of Findings 24 (1)
The Sample Survey 25 (4)
An Example: Does Watching a Traumatic
Event on TV Cause
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? 26 (1)
The Sample 27 (1)
The Questionnaire 27 (1)
Descriptive Findings 27 (1)
Statistical Relationships 27 (1)
Interpretation of the Findings 28 (1)
Types of Surveys 28 (1)
The Search for Causal Relationships 29 (6)
Criteria for Causal Relationships 29 (1)
Correlation Coefficients 30 (1)
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients 30 (5)
The Experimental Method 35 (4)
Manipulation of a Key Variable 35 (1)
Random Assignment to Experimental 35 (1)
Conditions
Identical Treatment Except for the 36 (1)
Manipulation
Control Groups 36 (1)
Different Experimental Designs 37 (1)
An Example: The Effects of Mood on 38 (1)
Music Listening Choice
Participants 38 (1)
Independent Variable 39 (1)
Dependent Variable 39 (1)
Experimental Results 39 (1)
Interpretation of Results 39 (1)
Controversy About Research Methods 39 (1)
Other Methodological Approaches 40 (1)
Summary 41 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 42 (1)
Notes 42 (2)
A Brief History of Media Effects Research 44 (18)
Setting the Stage 45 (1)
1898---Congress Declares War on Spain 45 (1)
1917---Propaganda in World War I 46 (1)
The 1920s---Movies Explode as 46 (1)
Mainstream Entertainment
1929-1932---The Payne Fund Studies 46 (4)
What Was the Content of Movies? 47 (1)
The Emotional Impact of Movies 47 (1)
Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior? 48 (1)
The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies 49 (1)
The Invasion From Mars 50 (1)
The Research at Princeton 50 (1)
Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic 51 (1)
Bullet Model
The People's Choice Study: The 52 (5)
Limited-Effects Model
Why Use Control Groups? 52 (1)
Media Impact in the 1940 Campaign 53 (1)
Experiments on World War II Movies 53 (2)
The Limited-Effects Perspective 55 (2)
The Evils of Comic Books 57 (1)
The Dawn of Television 57 (1)
Many Types of Media Effects 58 (1)
Micro-Level or Macro-Level Effects 58 (1)
Content-Specific or Diffuse-General 59 (1)
Effects
Attitudinal Versus Behavioral Versus 59 (1)
Cognitive Changes
Alteration Versus Stabilization 59 (1)
Summary 59 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 60 (1)
Notes 60 (2)
Time Spent with Mass Media: Reasons and 62 (18)
Consequences
The Uses and Gratifications Perspective 63 (5)
Why Do Children Watch TV? 63 (1)
Learning 63 (1)
Habit 64 (1)
Companionship 65 (1)
Arousal 66 (1)
Relaxation 66 (1)
Escape 66 (1)
Passing Time 67 (1)
Uses and Gratifications Among Older 67 (1)
Viewers
The Problem With Self-reports 68 (1)
Time Spent With Media 69 (7)
The Displacement Hypothesis 70 (1)
Displacement of Important Activities 71 (2)
Television Viewing and Obesity 73 (3)
Summary 76 (1)
Key Terms and Concepts 76 (1)
Notes 77 (3)
Effects of Media Violence 80 (25)
The Presence of Violent Content 82 (3)
The Causal Link Between Viewing Violence 85 (7)
and Behaving Aggressively
The Research of Albert Bandura 85 (2)
The Long-Term Studies of Leonard Eron 87 (2)
and Rowell Huesmann
The Research of Brandon Centerwall 89 (1)
The Catharsis Hypothesis 89 (2)
A Priming Analysis of the Effect of 91 (1)
Media Violence
Desensitization to Violence 92 (1)
What About Video Games? Are They Training 93 (6)
Kids to Kill?
An Opinion on Video Games from an 94 (1)
Expert on ``Killology''
What Does the Research Say? 95 (4)
Why Do People Like Media Violence? 99 (2)
Where Does Research on Media Violence Go 101(1)
Now?
Concluding Comments 101(1)
Summary 102(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 102(1)
Notes 102(3)
Sexual Content in the Media 105(23)
Human Sexuality Brings out Passionate 105(2)
Opinion
Sorting Out Definitions and Terms 107(1)
The Commission on Obscenity and 108(1)
Pornography
Major Finding 108(1)
A Reexamination of the Commission's 109(2)
Findings
Research Following the Commission Report 111(4)
Content Available 112(1)
Perceptual Consequences of Viewing 112(1)
Behavioral Consequences of Viewing 113(2)
The Meese Commission Report on Pornography 115(2)
Major Conclusion 115(2)
Sex on Prime-Time TV 117(6)
The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer 118(1)
Content Analyses 119(1)
Sexual Behavior and Viewing 120(3)
Control Over Media Content 123(2)
Sex and the Internet 123(1)
Legal Control 123(1)
Social or Economic Control 124(1)
Control Through Education 124(1)
Summary 125(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 125(1)
Notes 125(3)
Media that Stir Emotions 128(22)
Fright Reactions to Media are Prevalent 129(1)
Developmental Theory: What Scares One 130(1)
Child May Not Scare Another
Experimenting With the Incredible Hulk 131(1)
Why Is the Paranormal So Scary? 132(5)
Poltergeist 135(1)
The Nightmare on Elm Street Series 135(1)
The Exorcist 136(1)
Why Do Some Media Fears Linger for So 137(1)
Long?: A Theory of Differential Brain
Processing
Theory About Emotional Coping: What's a 138(1)
Parent to Do?
Is It Fun to Be Scared? 139(3)
Frightening Films and Roller-Coaster 140(1)
Rides
The Sexual Dynamic in Viewing 141(1)
Frightening Films
Beyond Fear: Other Emotional Reactions to 142(4)
Media
Empathy: I Feel What You Feel 142(1)
Using Media to Manage Your Mood 142(3)
Does Mediated Emotion Disrupt and 145(1)
Confuse Our Emotional Well-Being?
Summary 146(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 147(1)
Notes 148(2)
Persuasive Effects of the Media 150(28)
What Is Persuasion? 150(1)
How Media Messages Persuade Without Even 151(7)
Trying
The Theory of Media Cultivation: 153(3)
Cultivating Attitudes is Attitude Change
Do Media Messages About the Paranormal 156(2)
Influence Paranormal Beliefs?
Intentional Persuasion in the Media 158(3)
Using Entertainment to Improve Public 158(1)
Health
The Great American Values Test 159(1)
How Does an Advertiser Determine 160(1)
Success?
Some Evidence for the Effectiveness of 160(1)
Advertising
Some Key Principles of Media Persuasion 161(7)
The Power of the Source 163(1)
Message Features: Simplicity and 164(1)
Repetition
More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and 164(2)
Humor
The Health Campaign 166(2)
Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key? 168(5)
Early History 169(1)
The Presumed Mechanism 169(1)
Two Important Questions 170(1)
A Caveat: Research on Subliminal Priming 171(1)
The Third-Person Effect 172(1)
Summary 173(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 173(1)
Notes 174(4)
The Effects of News and Political Content 178(21)
Thinking About the News 178(10)
Need for Cognition 179(1)
Political Sophistication 180(1)
Agenda-Setting Theory: A Theory About 181(2)
Thinking
The Spiral of Silence 183(2)
How Much of the News Do We Remember? 185(3)
The Role of Emotion 188(4)
Another View of News: Do Certain News 192(3)
Reports Cause More People to Die?
Imitative Suicides and the News 193(2)
Summary 195(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 195(1)
Notes 196(3)
The Effects of Media Stereotypes 199(20)
Stereotypical Representations in the Media 199(11)
Sex Role Stereotypes 201(1)
Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes 202(2)
Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects 204(3)
on Body Image
Racial Stereotypes 207(1)
Overrepresentation of African Americans 208(2)
as Lawbreakers
The Imbalance in Media Research on 210(2)
Stereotypes
An Intriguing and Under-Studied Media 212(4)
Depiction: Faces
Summary 216(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 216(1)
Notes 217(2)
The Impact of New Media Technologies 219(18)
The Revolution in New Media Technology 219(2)
Computers and the Internet: Connection or 221(13)
Alienation?
The Carnegie Mellon Study 222(2)
Applying the Lessons of History 224(4)
Thinking About New Technology 228(3)
Speculation About New Technology Effects 231(1)
Will Our Old Brains Catch Up to the New 232(1)
Technology?
Potential Medium Effects on Health 233(1)
Summary 234(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 234(1)
Notes 235(2)
Meet Marshall McLuhan: A Less Scientific 237(18)
Approach to Media Impact
Is There Any Value to Considering 237(1)
Marshall McLuhan?
Meet Marshall McLuhan 238(1)
The Eras of Communication History 239(3)
The Tribal Age 239(1)
Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print 240(1)
Age
Moving On to the Current Electronic Age 241(1)
The Medium is the Message 242(2)
The Effects of Electronic Media on Human 244(7)
Beings
Education in the Electronic Age 244(2)
War in the Electronic Age: Not So 246(3)
``Hot''
Politics in the Electronic Age: Was 249(1)
Bill Clinton ``Cooler'' Than George
Bush?
Did McLuhan's Perspective Predict a 249(1)
Winner Between Obama and McCain?
Drugs in the Electronic Age 250(1)
McLuhan's Influence 251(1)
Some Final Reflections 252(1)
Summary 252(1)
Key Terms and Concepts 252(1)
Notes 253(1)
Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan 253(2)
Appendix Theories and Theoretical Concepts 255(2)
Discussed in the Text (by Chapter)
Name Index 257(4)
Subject Index 261
http://bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp/htmy/049556785X.html
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
A great performance of the production team
What impressed me most in this year's VMA was not all the embarrassments and gossips entailed from an outburst of distasteful misbehavior of an individual, but it was the great coordination of production staff displayed throughout the show. In particular, this sequence of live outdoor performance showed a good execution of such coordination between different parts of production team.
http://www.mtv.com/videos/misc/435681/taylor-swift-you-belong-with-me-live.jhtml#id=1620604
Tuesday, September 01, 2009
Friday, August 28, 2009
NBC responds to criticism of change in poll wording
http://mediamatters.org/blog/200908180043
http://mediamatters.org/blog/200908190058
Pollster Behind Controversial Public Option Poll Has Long Ties To Insurance Industry
Health Care For America Now (HCAN) argues that a change in the NBC/Wall Street Journal's wording of a key poll question about health care reform produces skewed results.
In June, the NBC/WSJ poll asked:
In any health care proposal, how important do you feel it is to give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance--extremely important, quite important, not that important, or not at all important?
76 percent said it was extremely or quite important to include such a plan in health care reform.
In July, NBC and the Journal changed their wording:
Would you favor or oppose creating a public health care plan administered by the federal government that would compete directly with private health insurance companies?
That produced a much more negative response. There are indications that the new NBC/WSJ out this evening will repeat that July wording, with similar results.
Also read
RESPONSE FROM NBC'S POLLSTERS
http://mediamatters.org/blog/200908190058
Pollster Behind Controversial Public Option Poll Has Long Ties To Insurance Industry
Health Care For America Now (HCAN) argues that a change in the NBC/Wall Street Journal's wording of a key poll question about health care reform produces skewed results.
In June, the NBC/WSJ poll asked:
In any health care proposal, how important do you feel it is to give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance--extremely important, quite important, not that important, or not at all important?
76 percent said it was extremely or quite important to include such a plan in health care reform.
In July, NBC and the Journal changed their wording:
Would you favor or oppose creating a public health care plan administered by the federal government that would compete directly with private health insurance companies?
That produced a much more negative response. There are indications that the new NBC/WSJ out this evening will repeat that July wording, with similar results.
Also read
RESPONSE FROM NBC'S POLLSTERS
Are we getting into the winter season already?
It wasn't that cool this morning. But I started feeling that the weather was changing and getting into the winter mood.
The cool weather reminded me of a picture I took several years back.
The cool weather reminded me of a picture I took several years back.
Thursday, August 27, 2009
Head First HTML with CSS & XHTML (Paperback)
A good book to learn about web publishing languages
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/059610197X/ref=ox_ya_oh_product
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/059610197X/ref=ox_ya_oh_product
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
Processing Multiple Files in Photoshop
http://t3traintheteacher.net/curric/cs4/photoshop/pdf/Photoshop14.pdf
Lesson overview:
Organize images in a folder, open an
image and record modifications, and
apply those modifications to the
remaining images in the folder.
Tools used:
• Actions Palette
• Batch Process Panel
Skills covered:
• Preparing files to be batch processed
• Recording an Action
• Batch Processing
What you will do:
You will process multiple field trip images at the same time. These images are being prepared to be
placed in a newsletter.
Relevance to teaching:
Save time by applying modifications to groups of images rather than changing each image individually.
Lesson overview:
Organize images in a folder, open an
image and record modifications, and
apply those modifications to the
remaining images in the folder.
Tools used:
• Actions Palette
• Batch Process Panel
Skills covered:
• Preparing files to be batch processed
• Recording an Action
• Batch Processing
What you will do:
You will process multiple field trip images at the same time. These images are being prepared to be
placed in a newsletter.
Relevance to teaching:
Save time by applying modifications to groups of images rather than changing each image individually.
Saturday, August 22, 2009
Jason Jones visits New York Times
There’s Alex Jones and there’s Jason Jones. The two unrelated Joneses offer competing commentaries on journalism in our times. Amid the hubbub about how we will get the news if newspapers keep drowning in the wrong color of ink, Alex offers a passionate but lucid analysis of where we are and where we might be going. Jason tells jokes on “The Daily Show.”...
from NYTimes Article "The Daily Show," which is a book review on LOSING THE NEWS:The Future of the News That Feeds Democracy By Alex S. Jones, 234 pp. Oxford University Press. $24.95. By Harold Evans
from NYTimes Article "The Daily Show," which is a book review on LOSING THE NEWS:The Future of the News That Feeds Democracy By Alex S. Jones, 234 pp. Oxford University Press. $24.95. By Harold Evans
| The Daily Show With Jon Stewart | Mon - Thurs 11p / 10c | |||
| End Times | ||||
| ||||
Friday, August 21, 2009
Subaru OEM Trailer Hitch
contents from Subaru Forester owner's club at
http://www.subaruforester.org/vbulletin/f137/09-forester-trailer-hitch-34612/index3.html
The aftermarket hitches are bolt-ons that hang below the bumper and are more easily installed.
The 2009 OEM hitch requires the complete removal of the bumper cover, bumper beam and mufflers. Then the bumper beam is discarded and the bumper cover is cut.
The aftermarket hitches transmit crash forces into the body. By replacing the bumper beam, the OEM hitch becomes a part of the factory-designed crash absorption, an engineered sacrificial part of the rear crash-worthiness.
If you are capable of installing the OEM hitch per the instructions in the PDF file downloadable from Free Publications > Accessory Installation Guides, http://techinfo.subaru.com/html/ixSearchFree.jsp?text_keyword=&keyword=&publication_type=12&free_pub=13
you can get the hitch for $356 from https://www.subarugenuineparts.com/p...oducts_id=1382
https://www.subarugenuineparts.com/product_info.php?products_id=1382
The 2009 OEM hitch is more complicated, expensive and difficult to install than previous Forester hitches. It includes the harness with a special grommet to come out of the spare tire well. It includes holes for tying the car down on a flat bed tow truck. And most of all, it is part of the Subaru rear bumper crash safety design. For me, those are good reasons to buy it.
http://www.subaruforester.org/vbulletin/f137/09-forester-trailer-hitch-34612/index3.html
The aftermarket hitches are bolt-ons that hang below the bumper and are more easily installed.
The 2009 OEM hitch requires the complete removal of the bumper cover, bumper beam and mufflers. Then the bumper beam is discarded and the bumper cover is cut.
The aftermarket hitches transmit crash forces into the body. By replacing the bumper beam, the OEM hitch becomes a part of the factory-designed crash absorption, an engineered sacrificial part of the rear crash-worthiness.
If you are capable of installing the OEM hitch per the instructions in the PDF file downloadable from Free Publications > Accessory Installation Guides, http://techinfo.subaru.com/html/ixSearchFree.jsp?text_keyword=&keyword=&publication_type=12&free_pub=13
you can get the hitch for $356 from https://www.subarugenuineparts.com/p...oducts_id=1382
https://www.subarugenuineparts.com/product_info.php?products_id=1382
The 2009 OEM hitch is more complicated, expensive and difficult to install than previous Forester hitches. It includes the harness with a special grommet to come out of the spare tire well. It includes holes for tying the car down on a flat bed tow truck. And most of all, it is part of the Subaru rear bumper crash safety design. For me, those are good reasons to buy it.
Thursday, August 20, 2009
External Hard Drive Formatting for FCP
http://www.kenstone.net/fcp_homepage/partitioning_tiger.html
Re: What's difference between mac OS Extened and Mac OS Extended (Journaled)?
I think there is some confusion here between journaling and Spotlight indexing.
Journaling is a feature of the file system (e.g. HFS+, ZFS, NTFS, etc.) A Journaling file system is one that keeps a fail-safe log of all read/write operations, and updates the log according to what operations complete successfully. This "journal" allows the file system to remain in a known state and to be immune to crashes.
I would strongly advise that you turn on journaling for external discs as well. It will likely come in handy if you accidentally unplug the drive while transferring files, for instance. The performance hit that comes from enabling journaling is negligible on modern hardware.
Spotlight indexing is the process of observing all the changes to the file system (so the Spotlight engine sits on top of the file system, whatever that may be) and maintaining an index of metadata for each file on the disc. I am not sure how indexing could interfere with Log and Transfer, but that's just ignorance on my part: I'm sure there's plenty of things that can go wrong with it...
Re: What's difference between mac OS Extened and Mac OS Extended (Journaled)?
[Gabriele de Simone] "I am not sure how indexing could interfere with Log and Transfer, but that's just ignorance on my part: I'm sure there's plenty of things that can go wrong with it... "
That's why there's the option to drag any drive into Spotlight's Privacy Window so the app leaves the drive alone.
With these days of faster processing and read/write speeds I'm sure that journaling your discs wouldn't be too much of issue with stuff like DV NTSC capture, but larger formats that require more processing might be. To be safe I always recommend to keep Spotlight and Journaling out of the picture for media drives. This is a question that always splits the answers into two camps: those like myself and those that contend that journaling is not the issue it once was. There's a ton of posts on this topic if one uses the COW's search function.
Here's one of them:
http://forums.creativecow.net/thread/8/986462#986615
Re: What's difference between mac OS Extened and Mac OS Extended (Journaled)?
I think there is some confusion here between journaling and Spotlight indexing.
Journaling is a feature of the file system (e.g. HFS+, ZFS, NTFS, etc.) A Journaling file system is one that keeps a fail-safe log of all read/write operations, and updates the log according to what operations complete successfully. This "journal" allows the file system to remain in a known state and to be immune to crashes.
I would strongly advise that you turn on journaling for external discs as well. It will likely come in handy if you accidentally unplug the drive while transferring files, for instance. The performance hit that comes from enabling journaling is negligible on modern hardware.
Spotlight indexing is the process of observing all the changes to the file system (so the Spotlight engine sits on top of the file system, whatever that may be) and maintaining an index of metadata for each file on the disc. I am not sure how indexing could interfere with Log and Transfer, but that's just ignorance on my part: I'm sure there's plenty of things that can go wrong with it...
Re: What's difference between mac OS Extened and Mac OS Extended (Journaled)?
[Gabriele de Simone] "I am not sure how indexing could interfere with Log and Transfer, but that's just ignorance on my part: I'm sure there's plenty of things that can go wrong with it... "
That's why there's the option to drag any drive into Spotlight's Privacy Window so the app leaves the drive alone.
With these days of faster processing and read/write speeds I'm sure that journaling your discs wouldn't be too much of issue with stuff like DV NTSC capture, but larger formats that require more processing might be. To be safe I always recommend to keep Spotlight and Journaling out of the picture for media drives. This is a question that always splits the answers into two camps: those like myself and those that contend that journaling is not the issue it once was. There's a ton of posts on this topic if one uses the COW's search function.
Here's one of them:
http://forums.creativecow.net/thread/8/986462#986615
Time Warner Clips–But Not Shows–Land on YouTube
Google’s video site has hammered out a deal with Time Warner to show clips from the media conglomerate’s cable networks, TV shows and movies.
But you won’t be seeing full-length shows or movies from Time Warner (TWX) on the world’s biggest video site–it’s saving those for cable companies that play along with its “TV Everywhere” plan...
http://mediamemo.allthingsd.com/20090819/time-warner-clips-but-not-shows-land-on-youtube/
But you won’t be seeing full-length shows or movies from Time Warner (TWX) on the world’s biggest video site–it’s saving those for cable companies that play along with its “TV Everywhere” plan...
http://mediamemo.allthingsd.com/20090819/time-warner-clips-but-not-shows-land-on-youtube/
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
Online Journalism
"Not long ago, the typical beginning reporter faced a simple choice: print or broadcast. Those options remain. But today’s growth area is in multimedia jobs that blur and often obliterate the old boundaries. It’s a proving ground forging not just new kinds of journalism but a new species of journalist, as well." (Carl Sessions Stepp, senior editor, American Journalism Review)
"The Web -- and a converged multmedia news environment -- seem more clearly than ever to be journalism's future." (Project for Excellence in Journalism, State of the News Media annual report, 2005)
News is a conversation." (Jeff Jarvis, veteran print journalist, blogger and educator)
from Prof. Jane Singer's website
"The Web -- and a converged multmedia news environment -- seem more clearly than ever to be journalism's future." (Project for Excellence in Journalism, State of the News Media annual report, 2005)
News is a conversation." (Jeff Jarvis, veteran print journalist, blogger and educator)
from Prof. Jane Singer's website
Wednesday, July 08, 2009
Forms of Governance
Meritocracy is a system of a government or other organization wherein appointments are made and responsibilities are given based on demonstrated talent and ability (merit), rather than by wealth (plutocracy), family connections (nepotism), class privilege (oligarchy), friends (cronyism), seniority (gerontocracy), popularity (as in democracy) or other historical determinants of social position and political power. In a meritocracy, society rewards (by wealth, position, and social status) those who show talent and competence as demonstrated by past actions or by competition.
drawn from Wiki
Also note aristocracy
drawn from Wiki
Also note aristocracy
Tuesday, June 23, 2009
Berbstein, Freud and the Legacy of Moses
What is communicated from one generation to the next is not only what is explicitly stated or what is set forth by precept and example, but also what is unconscious communicated. Unless we pay attention to these unconscious dynamics of transmission, we will never understand the receptivity (and resistance) to a living tradition.
Obama on his smoking habit
A day after signing major legislation regulating tobacco, Mr. Obama acknowledged that he still smokes cigarettes from time to time, something his aides refused to discuss on Monday.
“As a former smoker, have I fallen off the wagon sometimes? Yes,” he said in response to a question. “Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No. I don’t do it in front of my kids. I don’t do it in front of my family. I would say I am 95 percent cured. But there are times where I mess up.”
from NYT
“As a former smoker, have I fallen off the wagon sometimes? Yes,” he said in response to a question. “Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No. I don’t do it in front of my kids. I don’t do it in front of my family. I would say I am 95 percent cured. But there are times where I mess up.”
from NYT
Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China
Edgar Snow and his widow Lois Snow
http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/interviews/int.snow.html
http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/interviews/int.snow.html
Monday, June 08, 2009
From The Wind Up Bird Chronicle
waxing and waning of the moon (p. 28).
"Well I have to admit," she said with a note of resignation (p. 30).
tiff: 1. A fit of irritation. 2. A petty quarrel.
The sudden mention of Kumiko's elder brother had put me on (off) guard (p. 33).
"too busy, I'll probably buy myself a sandwich later" (p. 33).
"Would you by any chance be free this afternoon?" "You might say that." (p. 34)
"I had better do as I was told" (p. 35).
Would you by any chance be acquainted with the Pacific Hotel across from the Shinagawa Station?" (p. 35).
Stop yanking at me! (To pull with a quick, strong movement; jerk)
Commute to and from work
I restrained myself (p. 38).
The more I spent time with this woman, the more I seem to smell trouble (p. 41).
She was defiled by Noboru Wataya (p. 41).
I kept hoping all the while that there were no acquaintances of mine in the vicinity (p. 44).
I nodded silently - without the slightest inkling of what she was talking about (p. 44).
I poured myself some more beer (p. 47).
He was apparently a rather famous fortune-teller, but he lived very simply - even ascetically (p. 50).
After a brief coughing fit, he spat a glob of phlegm (p. 51).
Space out:
space someone out
to cause someone to become giddy. The circus clowns just spaced me out. The hilarious spectacle spaced out the entire audience.
See also: out, space
space out
to become giddy or disoriented. Judy spaced out during the meeting and I didn't understand a word she said. I have a tendency to space out at the end of a hard day.
Most cleaners will get rid of things that aren't claimed in three months (p. 54).
I stood still, straining my ears, but I couldn't tell whether it was our phone or a neighbor's (p. 58).
I passed directly beneath the eaves of other houses (p. 58).
I snapped my eyes open (p. 61).
Again she walked with a slight limp (p. 61).
I don't know the tune, but it had no melody at all" (p.61).
"Come to think of it, Mr. Wind-Up Bird," she said, "you were unemployed. Are you still?" (p. 64).
I limp when my parents are around because I don't want to go to school (pp. 64-65).
In the weeks follwing the decision to send he back, her grandmother became increasingly overwrought (p. 70).
Kumiko became a difficult, taciturn child in these new surroundings (p. 71).
Why hadn't I died in my sister's place? (p. 71).
She did everything she could to find a way into Kumiko's heart (p. 71).
I didn't need yet another way to demonstrate how inferior I was to her as a human being (p. 71).
They egged him on, providing him with the best tutors their money could buy (p. 73).
But he was tall and slim and had an air of good breeding (p. 75).
"Well I have to admit," she said with a note of resignation (p. 30).
tiff: 1. A fit of irritation. 2. A petty quarrel.
The sudden mention of Kumiko's elder brother had put me on (off) guard (p. 33).
"too busy, I'll probably buy myself a sandwich later" (p. 33).
"Would you by any chance be free this afternoon?" "You might say that." (p. 34)
"I had better do as I was told" (p. 35).
Would you by any chance be acquainted with the Pacific Hotel across from the Shinagawa Station?" (p. 35).
Stop yanking at me! (To pull with a quick, strong movement; jerk)
Commute to and from work
I restrained myself (p. 38).
The more I spent time with this woman, the more I seem to smell trouble (p. 41).
She was defiled by Noboru Wataya (p. 41).
I kept hoping all the while that there were no acquaintances of mine in the vicinity (p. 44).
I nodded silently - without the slightest inkling of what she was talking about (p. 44).
I poured myself some more beer (p. 47).
He was apparently a rather famous fortune-teller, but he lived very simply - even ascetically (p. 50).
After a brief coughing fit, he spat a glob of phlegm (p. 51).
Space out:
space someone out
to cause someone to become giddy. The circus clowns just spaced me out. The hilarious spectacle spaced out the entire audience.
See also: out, space
space out
to become giddy or disoriented. Judy spaced out during the meeting and I didn't understand a word she said. I have a tendency to space out at the end of a hard day.
Most cleaners will get rid of things that aren't claimed in three months (p. 54).
I stood still, straining my ears, but I couldn't tell whether it was our phone or a neighbor's (p. 58).
I passed directly beneath the eaves of other houses (p. 58).
I snapped my eyes open (p. 61).
Again she walked with a slight limp (p. 61).
I don't know the tune, but it had no melody at all" (p.61).
"Come to think of it, Mr. Wind-Up Bird," she said, "you were unemployed. Are you still?" (p. 64).
I limp when my parents are around because I don't want to go to school (pp. 64-65).
In the weeks follwing the decision to send he back, her grandmother became increasingly overwrought (p. 70).
Kumiko became a difficult, taciturn child in these new surroundings (p. 71).
Why hadn't I died in my sister's place? (p. 71).
She did everything she could to find a way into Kumiko's heart (p. 71).
I didn't need yet another way to demonstrate how inferior I was to her as a human being (p. 71).
They egged him on, providing him with the best tutors their money could buy (p. 73).
But he was tall and slim and had an air of good breeding (p. 75).
Salon article on Murakami
The heroes in Haruki Murakami's dazzling, addictive and rather strange novels ("A Wild Sheep Chase," "Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World") don't fit the stereotype of conformist, work-obsessed Japanese men at all. They're dreamy, brainy introverts, drunk on culture (high and pop), with a tendency to get mixed up with mysterious women and outlandish conspiracies. Toru Okada, the narrator of Murakami's latest opus, "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle," spends a good portion of the novel in luxuriant unemployment -- cooking, reading, swimming and waiting for a series of peculiar characters to pop by and tell him their tragic stories. Since Murakami doesn't hide his identification with his heroes, it's no surprise to learn that he has long felt like an odd man out in his native land, even among other writers. What's more remarkable is the novelist's recent rapprochement with Japan and his countrymen, culminating in the year he spent interviewing victims of the Aum cult's poison gas attack on a Tokyo subway in March 1995.
Murakami says this reassessment began during the four years he spent at Princeton, writing "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle." Besides giving him an impressive command of English, Murakami's sojourn in America had an emotional impact that he finds difficult to articulate even today, two years after his return to Japan. With Wanderlust editor Don George, who stepped in to translate at a key moment, I met with Murakami during his brief West Coast book tour to promote "Wind-Up Bird Chronicle." The novelist's slow, careful responses to our questions seemed more the result of a rare, utterly unself-conscious sincerity (he seldom gives interviews) than any language barrier.
http://www.salon.com/books/int/1997/12/cov_si_16int.html
Murakami says this reassessment began during the four years he spent at Princeton, writing "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle." Besides giving him an impressive command of English, Murakami's sojourn in America had an emotional impact that he finds difficult to articulate even today, two years after his return to Japan. With Wanderlust editor Don George, who stepped in to translate at a key moment, I met with Murakami during his brief West Coast book tour to promote "Wind-Up Bird Chronicle." The novelist's slow, careful responses to our questions seemed more the result of a rare, utterly unself-conscious sincerity (he seldom gives interviews) than any language barrier.
http://www.salon.com/books/int/1997/12/cov_si_16int.html
Noboru Wataya and Academe
"In any case, Noboru Wataya graduated from his elite private preparatory school, majored in economics at the University of Tokyo, and graduated from this top institution with top grades.
His father expected him to enter the government or a major corporation upon graduation from the university, but Noboru Wataya chose to remain in academe and become a scholar. He was no fool. He know what he was best suited for: not the real world of group (communal) action but a world that called for the disciplined and systematic use of knowledge, that prized the individual skills of the intellect. He did two years of graduate study at Yale before returning to the graduate school at Tokyo. He followed hi parents' promptings shortly thereafter and agreed to an arranged marriage, but that lated no more than two years. After his divorce, he returned to his parents' home to live with them. By the time I first met him, Noboru Wataya was a fully developed oddity, a thoroughly disagreeable character (p. 74).
Murakami, Haruki (1997). The wind up bird chronicle. Knope: New York.
His father expected him to enter the government or a major corporation upon graduation from the university, but Noboru Wataya chose to remain in academe and become a scholar. He was no fool. He know what he was best suited for: not the real world of group (communal) action but a world that called for the disciplined and systematic use of knowledge, that prized the individual skills of the intellect. He did two years of graduate study at Yale before returning to the graduate school at Tokyo. He followed hi parents' promptings shortly thereafter and agreed to an arranged marriage, but that lated no more than two years. After his divorce, he returned to his parents' home to live with them. By the time I first met him, Noboru Wataya was a fully developed oddity, a thoroughly disagreeable character (p. 74).
Murakami, Haruki (1997). The wind up bird chronicle. Knope: New York.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
In 1954 Ginsburg enrolled at Harvard Law School where she was one of only nine women in a class of more than five hundred. After the birth of their daughter, Martin was diagnosed with testicular cancer. During this period, Ginsburg attended class and took notes for both of them, typed her husband's papers to his dictation, and cared for their daughter and her sick husband, while making Harvard Law Review.
Allen Ginsberg
Ginsberg is best known for the poem "Howl" (1956), celebrating his friends who were members of the Beat Generation and attacking what he saw as the destructive forces of materialism and conformity
Brian Reynolds Myers
Myers concentrates his research in the field of North Korean Studies. He claims that the Soviet Stalinist literary doctrine of socialist realism failed in North Korea, that late President Kim Il Sung’s 1955 Juche speech is not nationalist, that son and successor Kim Jong Il is a symbolic "mother" figure for the regime, and that North Korea is a fascistic race-based nationalist state, not a Stalinist state.
far-lightest country
nationalistic
racist country
http://web.dongseo.ac.kr/~dis/sub3.html
far-lightest country
nationalistic
racist country
http://web.dongseo.ac.kr/~dis/sub3.html
Friday, June 05, 2009
Wear Out / Tear Out
http://dic.impact.pe.kr/ecmaster-cgi/search.cgi?kwd=wear
http://www.pronunciationworkshop.com/americanpronunciationdemo.htm?gclid=CLbB-pT385oCFSAgDQodGjHHeg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9XBogKE-A0&feature=channel
http://www.pronunciationworkshop.com/americanpronunciationdemo.htm?gclid=CLbB-pT385oCFSAgDQodGjHHeg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9XBogKE-A0&feature=channel
Wednesday, June 03, 2009
ZELIZER MEMORY AND JOURNALISM
Part of this disregard may have to do with a lingering presumption that journalism’s treatments of the past are more closely aligned with mainstream historical work than
with memory. In that journalists’ address to the past by defi nition runs contrary to their
own concern for the present, journalism at fi rst glance seems an ill-suited setting to
provide a meaningful tracking of the past. For as long as journalism has been around,
the popular assumption has been that it provides a fi rst, rather than fi nal, draft of the past, leaving to the historians the fi nal processing of journalism’s raw events. Against such a division of labor, journalism has come to be seen as a setting driven more by its emphasis on the here-and-now than on the there-and-then, restricted by temporal limitations associated with rapidly overturning deadlines. Journalists distinguish themselves from those dealing with the past by aspiring to a sense of newsworthiness that draws from proximity, topicality and novelty, and they are motivated by an ongoing need to fill a depleting news-hole despite high stakes, a frantic pace and uncertain resources. In this regard, the past seems somewhat beyond the boundaries of what journalists can and ought to do in accomplishing their work goals (Zelizer, 1993a).
As Edy (1999: 74) succinctly states:
the fact that news media make use of historical events at all is somewhat counterintuitive.
Journalists have traditionally placed a high value on being the fi rst to publicize
new information. Extra editions, news fl ashes, and program interruptions for
important new information all testify to a desire to present the latest information to
audiences. Many stories go out of date and cannot be used if there is not space in
the news product for them on the day that they occur.
All of this suggests that the particular division of labor by which journalists take care of the present and historians take care of the past, both sharing a reverence for truth, facts and reality, has blinded both in considering what else happens when journalists look backward. That myopic vision has extended in large part to memory studies. Not only has there been little attempt to single out what is unique about journalism in addressing the days of yore, but discussions of memory have not suffi ciently recognized that journalism’s treatment of the present often includes a treatment of the past. Nor have they accounted for the fact that journalism’s treatment of the past tends to be as variable, malleable and dynamic as other kinds of memory work. Journalism and journalists are an unobvious but fertile site of memory, and their status as memory agents needs to be better understood.
with memory. In that journalists’ address to the past by defi nition runs contrary to their
own concern for the present, journalism at fi rst glance seems an ill-suited setting to
provide a meaningful tracking of the past. For as long as journalism has been around,
the popular assumption has been that it provides a fi rst, rather than fi nal, draft of the past, leaving to the historians the fi nal processing of journalism’s raw events. Against such a division of labor, journalism has come to be seen as a setting driven more by its emphasis on the here-and-now than on the there-and-then, restricted by temporal limitations associated with rapidly overturning deadlines. Journalists distinguish themselves from those dealing with the past by aspiring to a sense of newsworthiness that draws from proximity, topicality and novelty, and they are motivated by an ongoing need to fill a depleting news-hole despite high stakes, a frantic pace and uncertain resources. In this regard, the past seems somewhat beyond the boundaries of what journalists can and ought to do in accomplishing their work goals (Zelizer, 1993a).
As Edy (1999: 74) succinctly states:
the fact that news media make use of historical events at all is somewhat counterintuitive.
Journalists have traditionally placed a high value on being the fi rst to publicize
new information. Extra editions, news fl ashes, and program interruptions for
important new information all testify to a desire to present the latest information to
audiences. Many stories go out of date and cannot be used if there is not space in
the news product for them on the day that they occur.
All of this suggests that the particular division of labor by which journalists take care of the present and historians take care of the past, both sharing a reverence for truth, facts and reality, has blinded both in considering what else happens when journalists look backward. That myopic vision has extended in large part to memory studies. Not only has there been little attempt to single out what is unique about journalism in addressing the days of yore, but discussions of memory have not suffi ciently recognized that journalism’s treatment of the present often includes a treatment of the past. Nor have they accounted for the fact that journalism’s treatment of the past tends to be as variable, malleable and dynamic as other kinds of memory work. Journalism and journalists are an unobvious but fertile site of memory, and their status as memory agents needs to be better understood.
Paul Connerton
http://www.socanth.cam.ac.uk/staff/researchFellowsAndAssociates.html
How Societies Remember (Themes in the Social Sciences)
How Societies Remember (Themes in the Social Sciences)
Saturday, May 30, 2009
Geert Hofstede
What are Hofstede's five Cultural Dimensions?
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/
Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.
Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world.
Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions.
Long-Term Orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting one's 'face'. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher who lived around 500 B.C.; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage.
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/
Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.
Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world.
Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions.
Long-Term Orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting one's 'face'. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher who lived around 500 B.C.; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage.
Thursday, May 28, 2009
Flowtv.org
FlowTV is a critical forum on television and media culture published by the Department of Radio, Television, and Film at the University of Texas at Austin. Flow’s mission is to provide a space where the public can discuss the changing landscape of contemporary media.
Wednesday, May 27, 2009
Dates Numbers Places
http://www.cmu.edu/styleguide/dates_numbers.html
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/punc-hyphen.html
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/punc-hyphen.html
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Taiwan Documents
http://www.taiwandocuments.org/index.htm
THE TOKYO WAR CRIMES TRIALS
http://www.cnd.org/mirror/nanjing/NMTT.html
UN document
http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft%20articles/7_1_1950.pdf
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/imt1945.htm
http://books.google.com/books?id=gfaGv_JJRnEC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=Nürnberg+Charter&source=bl&ots=or9geOcy7Z&sig=bMf4k59baaOZtn1xtSLW6vvDkzE&hl=en&ei=jkzzScvAGpWuMomb1csP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#PPA73,M1
아시아 평화와 역사교육연대
http://www.ilovehistory.or.kr/index.php
동북아 역사 재단
http://www.historyfoundation.or.kr/MA/
THE TOKYO WAR CRIMES TRIALS
http://www.cnd.org/mirror/nanjing/NMTT.html
UN document
http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft%20articles/7_1_1950.pdf
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/imt1945.htm
http://books.google.com/books?id=gfaGv_JJRnEC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=Nürnberg+Charter&source=bl&ots=or9geOcy7Z&sig=bMf4k59baaOZtn1xtSLW6vvDkzE&hl=en&ei=jkzzScvAGpWuMomb1csP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#PPA73,M1
아시아 평화와 역사교육연대
http://www.ilovehistory.or.kr/index.php
동북아 역사 재단
http://www.historyfoundation.or.kr/MA/
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Junichiro Koizumi
Junichiro Koizumi (小泉 純一郎 Koizumi Jun'ichirō, born January 8, 1942)
Junichiro (first name) Koizumi (last name)
Junichiro (first name) Koizumi (last name)
Monday, March 09, 2009
Amos Funkenstein
`Renaissance man’ Amos Funkenstein dies at age 58
Friday, November 17, 1995 | by NATALIE WEINSTEIN, Bulletin Staff | obituaries
http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/2028/-renaissance-man-amos-funkenstein-dies-at-age-58/
Called a genius and Renaissance man by his academic colleagues, Amos Funkenstein was known for reciting long passages verbatim in Latin, German and Greek decades after reading them.
Winner of the coveted Israel Prize for History, the U.C. Berkeley history professor could lecture effortlessly on nearly any element of Jewish or non-Jewish civilization from the biblical period through the 20th century.
Raised an Orthodox Jew in pre-state Israel, he was considered the quintessential apikoros -- a heretic who knew the tradition inside and out, yet rejected any belief in its divine origin.
Funkenstein died Saturday, Nov. 11 in Berkeley after a yearlong battle with cancer. He was 58.
"He was truly a Renaissance man in terms of intellectual interest," said Professor David Biale, director of the Berkeley-based Graduate Theological Union's Center for Jewish Studies. "He was probably the only genius I've ever met."
Considered rare even among world-class academics for his intellectual abilities, Funkenstein was primarily a historian of Judaism, medieval intellectualism and science.
He authored seven books and more than 50 articles, writing in German, Hebrew, English and French. His books included "Perceptions of Jewish History," "Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century," and "Sociology of Ignorance," which he wrote with childhood friend Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz. At the time of his death, he was working on a multivolume study of the social and cultural context of knowledge in Western history since antiquity.
"He had razor-sharp analytic abilities," said Robert Alter, a U.C. Berkeley professor of Hebrew and comparative literature who officiated at Funkenstein's funeral service on Tuesday. "He was very, very focused on thinking. That was his way of life."
Educated in a religious school in Jerusalem, Funkenstein served in the Israeli army and then studied for two years at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem before transferring to the Free University of Berlin in the late 1950s. He earned his doctorate in history and philosophy at the university and began his teaching career there.
In 1967, he was hired to teach at UCLA. In the early 1970s, Biale became one of Funkenstein's graduate students and teaching assistants. From the start, Biale knew Funkenstein was different.
"He was beyond anyone else I ever encountered as a teacher," he said.
Funkenstein could offer detailed critiques of books he had read 20 years earlier, Biale recalled, and he would doodle mathematical proofs for fun.
"He had a photographic memory," Biale said. But even this ability was just intellectual pyrotechnics. "What counted with him was originality."
Unlike many of his peers in academia, Funkenstein rejected much of the formality associated with the job. He wanted students to call him by his first name and became friends with many of them.
In the late 1970s while still at UCLA, Funkenstein began teaching part of the year at Tel Aviv University, where he held an endowed chair in history and the philosophy of science. He stayed in Southern California until 1986 when Stanford University hired him as the first Daniel E. Koshland professor of Jewish culture and history as part of its fledgling Jewish studies program.
Funkenstein returned to UCLA three years later, but then left again when U.C. Berkeley hired him in 1991 as its Koret professor of Jewish history.
Among his lasting marks in the Bay Area: his role in creating the new joint doctoral program in Jewish studies between U.C. Berkeley and the Graduate Theological Union.
In addition to winning earlier this year an Israel Prize, the highest honor bestowed by the Jewish state, Funkenstein had been awarded a Guggenheim fellowship at Ecole des Hautes Ecoles in Paris a decade ago.
In the early 1980s, Funkenstein also became an activist in the Israeli peace movement and worked to convince the government to withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In 1991, he told the Jewish Bulletin that "the occupation of the West Bank has now reached the point where it's illegitimate," and he compared the lack of rights for Palestinians to the status of Jews living in Germany in the mid-1930s.
Last fall, Funkenstein was diagnosed with lung cancer, which spread to other organs. Soon after, Alter recalled, "he made this principal decision: As long as he could, he would go on doing what he loved."
Funkenstein continued working on his book and teaching classes at U.C. Berkeley until about a month ago when he came down with pneumonia and suffered a heart attack.
But even a few days before his death, he was still making plans for the future.
"He never lost faith in life," said Tony Long, a U.C. Berkeley classics professor.
Funkenstein was buried Tuesday in the Tel Shalom section of the Rolling Hills Memorial Park in Richmond.
He is survived by his wife, Esti Funkenstein of Berkeley, and two children from his first marriage, Jakob Funkenstein of Toulouse, France, and Daniela Funkenstein of Los Angeles.
Friday, November 17, 1995 | by NATALIE WEINSTEIN, Bulletin Staff | obituaries
http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/2028/-renaissance-man-amos-funkenstein-dies-at-age-58/
Called a genius and Renaissance man by his academic colleagues, Amos Funkenstein was known for reciting long passages verbatim in Latin, German and Greek decades after reading them.
Winner of the coveted Israel Prize for History, the U.C. Berkeley history professor could lecture effortlessly on nearly any element of Jewish or non-Jewish civilization from the biblical period through the 20th century.
Raised an Orthodox Jew in pre-state Israel, he was considered the quintessential apikoros -- a heretic who knew the tradition inside and out, yet rejected any belief in its divine origin.
Funkenstein died Saturday, Nov. 11 in Berkeley after a yearlong battle with cancer. He was 58.
"He was truly a Renaissance man in terms of intellectual interest," said Professor David Biale, director of the Berkeley-based Graduate Theological Union's Center for Jewish Studies. "He was probably the only genius I've ever met."
Considered rare even among world-class academics for his intellectual abilities, Funkenstein was primarily a historian of Judaism, medieval intellectualism and science.
He authored seven books and more than 50 articles, writing in German, Hebrew, English and French. His books included "Perceptions of Jewish History," "Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century," and "Sociology of Ignorance," which he wrote with childhood friend Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz. At the time of his death, he was working on a multivolume study of the social and cultural context of knowledge in Western history since antiquity.
"He had razor-sharp analytic abilities," said Robert Alter, a U.C. Berkeley professor of Hebrew and comparative literature who officiated at Funkenstein's funeral service on Tuesday. "He was very, very focused on thinking. That was his way of life."
Educated in a religious school in Jerusalem, Funkenstein served in the Israeli army and then studied for two years at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem before transferring to the Free University of Berlin in the late 1950s. He earned his doctorate in history and philosophy at the university and began his teaching career there.
In 1967, he was hired to teach at UCLA. In the early 1970s, Biale became one of Funkenstein's graduate students and teaching assistants. From the start, Biale knew Funkenstein was different.
"He was beyond anyone else I ever encountered as a teacher," he said.
Funkenstein could offer detailed critiques of books he had read 20 years earlier, Biale recalled, and he would doodle mathematical proofs for fun.
"He had a photographic memory," Biale said. But even this ability was just intellectual pyrotechnics. "What counted with him was originality."
Unlike many of his peers in academia, Funkenstein rejected much of the formality associated with the job. He wanted students to call him by his first name and became friends with many of them.
In the late 1970s while still at UCLA, Funkenstein began teaching part of the year at Tel Aviv University, where he held an endowed chair in history and the philosophy of science. He stayed in Southern California until 1986 when Stanford University hired him as the first Daniel E. Koshland professor of Jewish culture and history as part of its fledgling Jewish studies program.
Funkenstein returned to UCLA three years later, but then left again when U.C. Berkeley hired him in 1991 as its Koret professor of Jewish history.
Among his lasting marks in the Bay Area: his role in creating the new joint doctoral program in Jewish studies between U.C. Berkeley and the Graduate Theological Union.
In addition to winning earlier this year an Israel Prize, the highest honor bestowed by the Jewish state, Funkenstein had been awarded a Guggenheim fellowship at Ecole des Hautes Ecoles in Paris a decade ago.
In the early 1980s, Funkenstein also became an activist in the Israeli peace movement and worked to convince the government to withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In 1991, he told the Jewish Bulletin that "the occupation of the West Bank has now reached the point where it's illegitimate," and he compared the lack of rights for Palestinians to the status of Jews living in Germany in the mid-1930s.
Last fall, Funkenstein was diagnosed with lung cancer, which spread to other organs. Soon after, Alter recalled, "he made this principal decision: As long as he could, he would go on doing what he loved."
Funkenstein continued working on his book and teaching classes at U.C. Berkeley until about a month ago when he came down with pneumonia and suffered a heart attack.
But even a few days before his death, he was still making plans for the future.
"He never lost faith in life," said Tony Long, a U.C. Berkeley classics professor.
Funkenstein was buried Tuesday in the Tel Shalom section of the Rolling Hills Memorial Park in Richmond.
He is survived by his wife, Esti Funkenstein of Berkeley, and two children from his first marriage, Jakob Funkenstein of Toulouse, France, and Daniela Funkenstein of Los Angeles.
Tuesday, February 24, 2009
In Carmaker’s Collapse, a Microcosm of South Korea’s Woes, a NYTimes Article
By CHOE SANG-HUN
Published: February 23, 2009
SEOUL, South Korea — When Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, China’s largest carmaker, set its sights on overseas expansion in 2004, it first took a small hop across the Yellow Sea. It bought a controlling stake in Ssangyong Motor of South Korea, the most ambitious foreign venture for China’s surging auto industry.
Five years later, Shanghai Auto’s marriage with Ssangyong, a milestone of China’s rising industrial clout and South Korea’s deepening economic ties with its neighbor, is falling apart in acrimony and criminal investigations.
Walloped by declining sales and bitter battles with its Chinese parent, Ssangyong filed for bankruptcy protection last month. Its combative labor unions and some South Korean commentators have vilified Shanghai Auto as an exploitative owner that siphoned off Ssangyong’s technology, reneged on promises to invest, and dumped the company when the market turned sour.
Shanghai Auto has a different account of what went wrong. But the collapse of the venture is a black eye for China, which has pushed its top state-owned companies, including Shanghai Auto, to use the country’s enormous dollar-based savings to expand abroad. It may also serve as a cautionary tale for Western companies seeking a lifeline from cash-rich Chinese businesses during the financial crisis.
“The Chinese made us rosy promises and then betrayed us,” said Lee Chang-kun, a member of Ssangyong’s labor union.
The Shanghai company, which has partnerships with General Motors and Volkswagen in China that make it the country’s largest carmaker, said its troubles in South Korea revealed a deep-seated Korean bias against the Chinese. The company said South Korea remained fraught with difficulties for foreign investors, despite Seoul’s professed commitment to open up its economy.
“We hope that South Koreans of all walks of life will become objective and fair and abandon their prejudices against foreign investors,” Shanghai Auto said in response to written questions.
South Korea embraced China over the past decade as an economic and political partner, partly to offset its traditional dependence on the United States. Since the two countries formally ended Korean War-era hostilities and re-established diplomatic ties in 1992, China has replaced the United States as South Korea’s biggest trading partner.
But just as many South Koreans fret about the United States, it did not take long for many here to worry about overreliance on China as well. Korea is sandwiched between China and Japan and has come under the sway of both countries in the past.
Against this backdrop, modern-day failures like Ssangyong — and a similarly acrimonious breakup between BOE Technology Group, a Chinese electronics company, and Hydis of South Korea — loom large in Korean minds.
In 2003, BOE paid $380 million to buy Hydis, which makes displays for cellphones and laptop computers. A year later, Shanghai Auto bought 48.9 percent of Ssangyong, a specialist in sport utility vehicles and luxury sedans, for $510 million. It later increased its stake to 51.33 percent.
The Ssangyong purchase gave Shanghai Auto, known mostly for producing cars in China with foreign technology, an international brand of its own. Hu Maoyuan, Shanghai Auto’s president, said the deal allowed his company to “branch out into the global market.” Ssangyong researchers helped Shanghai Auto develop the Roewe, Shanghai Auto’s first independently made luxury car.
South Korea, once one of the most closed of the major industrial economies, began opening up to more foreign investment after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Foreign companies snapped up Korean banks and industrial concerns at fire-sale prices. When some later cashed out with sizable profits, South Korean workers began referring to them as meoktwi, a slang term that translates as “a thief who eats and runs away.”
Those fears increased when BOE used technology transferred from Hydis to build a new display panel factory in Beijing. When Hydis later ran into financial trouble, BOE did not pump in more money, leaving it to file for bankruptcy protection in 2006, according to Hydis employees. Now sold to a Taiwanese company, Hydis is a shell of its former self.
“BOE got the technology they wanted. All we got was layoffs,” said Hwang Pil-sang, a Hydis worker.
Shanghai Auto and Ssangyong never had much of a honeymoon. When the Shanghai company took over, Ssangyong was reporting net profits of $510 million a year. It was planning to roll out its new S.U.V. series: Kyron and Actyon.
But the new cars sold below expectations. Ssangyong’s hopes that Shanghai Auto could ease its entry into the rapidly growing but tightly regulated China market went largely unrealized, Ssangyong workers say. Heavy tariffs hindered Ssangyong’s sales in China. Ssangyong’s attempt to build a joint venture factory there faced red tape.
The two companies also clashed over how to expand sales. The 5,200-worker union demanded that the Chinese company infuse more cash, market more aggressively and speed up development of new models.
Shanghai Auto said that it had agreed to invest more in Ssangyong, but argued that it intended to reinvest profits Ssangyong was earning. When Ssangyong’s profits sank, so did the available cash to invest, the Chinese company said.
Chinese managers began shedding hundreds of Ssangyong workers in 2006, and relations spiraled downward. Ssangyong employees went on strike for nearly two months. Workers barricaded themselves inside the factory and locked the managers out.
The Ssangyong union also accused Shanghai Auto of stealing technology, setting off one investigation by prosecutors in 2006 and another last year. Last July, acting on tips from the National Intelligence Service, prosecutors raided Ssangyong’s research center, searching for evidence of illicit technology leaks.
The union’s allegations are disputed by Shanghai Auto. The Shanghai company says it has a normal technological give and take with its subsidiary. It shared its own technology with Ssangyong. It properly accounted for and compensated Ssangyong for Korean technology it took back to China, the company says.
No charges have resulted from the legal inquiry. But it generated headlines in South Korea, where the media were already abuzz with reports of high-profile industrial espionage cases in which former employees of South Korea’s biggest exporters — Hyundai and Kia Motors, LG Electronics, the Daewoo shipyard and the steel maker Posco — were convicted of leaking, or plotting to leak, sensitive technology to Chinese companies.
In December, union members surrounded a car carrying Shanghai Auto officials and held it hostage for seven hours outside their factory south of Seoul, accusing the executives of absconding with proprietary technology.
Yang Hyeong-geun, a 20-year veteran of the Ssangyong assembly lines, said he and his colleagues initially welcomed Shanghai Auto because the Chinese company promised job security, entry to the vast China market, and new investment to double Ssangyong’s annual capacity, to 400,000 cars.
“We trusted their promise to help us into the vast Chinese market,” Mr. Yang said. “In the end, they kept none of their promises, and they got what they wanted: our technology.”
Published: February 23, 2009
SEOUL, South Korea — When Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, China’s largest carmaker, set its sights on overseas expansion in 2004, it first took a small hop across the Yellow Sea. It bought a controlling stake in Ssangyong Motor of South Korea, the most ambitious foreign venture for China’s surging auto industry.
Five years later, Shanghai Auto’s marriage with Ssangyong, a milestone of China’s rising industrial clout and South Korea’s deepening economic ties with its neighbor, is falling apart in acrimony and criminal investigations.
Walloped by declining sales and bitter battles with its Chinese parent, Ssangyong filed for bankruptcy protection last month. Its combative labor unions and some South Korean commentators have vilified Shanghai Auto as an exploitative owner that siphoned off Ssangyong’s technology, reneged on promises to invest, and dumped the company when the market turned sour.
Shanghai Auto has a different account of what went wrong. But the collapse of the venture is a black eye for China, which has pushed its top state-owned companies, including Shanghai Auto, to use the country’s enormous dollar-based savings to expand abroad. It may also serve as a cautionary tale for Western companies seeking a lifeline from cash-rich Chinese businesses during the financial crisis.
“The Chinese made us rosy promises and then betrayed us,” said Lee Chang-kun, a member of Ssangyong’s labor union.
The Shanghai company, which has partnerships with General Motors and Volkswagen in China that make it the country’s largest carmaker, said its troubles in South Korea revealed a deep-seated Korean bias against the Chinese. The company said South Korea remained fraught with difficulties for foreign investors, despite Seoul’s professed commitment to open up its economy.
“We hope that South Koreans of all walks of life will become objective and fair and abandon their prejudices against foreign investors,” Shanghai Auto said in response to written questions.
South Korea embraced China over the past decade as an economic and political partner, partly to offset its traditional dependence on the United States. Since the two countries formally ended Korean War-era hostilities and re-established diplomatic ties in 1992, China has replaced the United States as South Korea’s biggest trading partner.
But just as many South Koreans fret about the United States, it did not take long for many here to worry about overreliance on China as well. Korea is sandwiched between China and Japan and has come under the sway of both countries in the past.
Against this backdrop, modern-day failures like Ssangyong — and a similarly acrimonious breakup between BOE Technology Group, a Chinese electronics company, and Hydis of South Korea — loom large in Korean minds.
In 2003, BOE paid $380 million to buy Hydis, which makes displays for cellphones and laptop computers. A year later, Shanghai Auto bought 48.9 percent of Ssangyong, a specialist in sport utility vehicles and luxury sedans, for $510 million. It later increased its stake to 51.33 percent.
The Ssangyong purchase gave Shanghai Auto, known mostly for producing cars in China with foreign technology, an international brand of its own. Hu Maoyuan, Shanghai Auto’s president, said the deal allowed his company to “branch out into the global market.” Ssangyong researchers helped Shanghai Auto develop the Roewe, Shanghai Auto’s first independently made luxury car.
South Korea, once one of the most closed of the major industrial economies, began opening up to more foreign investment after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Foreign companies snapped up Korean banks and industrial concerns at fire-sale prices. When some later cashed out with sizable profits, South Korean workers began referring to them as meoktwi, a slang term that translates as “a thief who eats and runs away.”
Those fears increased when BOE used technology transferred from Hydis to build a new display panel factory in Beijing. When Hydis later ran into financial trouble, BOE did not pump in more money, leaving it to file for bankruptcy protection in 2006, according to Hydis employees. Now sold to a Taiwanese company, Hydis is a shell of its former self.
“BOE got the technology they wanted. All we got was layoffs,” said Hwang Pil-sang, a Hydis worker.
Shanghai Auto and Ssangyong never had much of a honeymoon. When the Shanghai company took over, Ssangyong was reporting net profits of $510 million a year. It was planning to roll out its new S.U.V. series: Kyron and Actyon.
But the new cars sold below expectations. Ssangyong’s hopes that Shanghai Auto could ease its entry into the rapidly growing but tightly regulated China market went largely unrealized, Ssangyong workers say. Heavy tariffs hindered Ssangyong’s sales in China. Ssangyong’s attempt to build a joint venture factory there faced red tape.
The two companies also clashed over how to expand sales. The 5,200-worker union demanded that the Chinese company infuse more cash, market more aggressively and speed up development of new models.
Shanghai Auto said that it had agreed to invest more in Ssangyong, but argued that it intended to reinvest profits Ssangyong was earning. When Ssangyong’s profits sank, so did the available cash to invest, the Chinese company said.
Chinese managers began shedding hundreds of Ssangyong workers in 2006, and relations spiraled downward. Ssangyong employees went on strike for nearly two months. Workers barricaded themselves inside the factory and locked the managers out.
The Ssangyong union also accused Shanghai Auto of stealing technology, setting off one investigation by prosecutors in 2006 and another last year. Last July, acting on tips from the National Intelligence Service, prosecutors raided Ssangyong’s research center, searching for evidence of illicit technology leaks.
The union’s allegations are disputed by Shanghai Auto. The Shanghai company says it has a normal technological give and take with its subsidiary. It shared its own technology with Ssangyong. It properly accounted for and compensated Ssangyong for Korean technology it took back to China, the company says.
No charges have resulted from the legal inquiry. But it generated headlines in South Korea, where the media were already abuzz with reports of high-profile industrial espionage cases in which former employees of South Korea’s biggest exporters — Hyundai and Kia Motors, LG Electronics, the Daewoo shipyard and the steel maker Posco — were convicted of leaking, or plotting to leak, sensitive technology to Chinese companies.
In December, union members surrounded a car carrying Shanghai Auto officials and held it hostage for seven hours outside their factory south of Seoul, accusing the executives of absconding with proprietary technology.
Yang Hyeong-geun, a 20-year veteran of the Ssangyong assembly lines, said he and his colleagues initially welcomed Shanghai Auto because the Chinese company promised job security, entry to the vast China market, and new investment to double Ssangyong’s annual capacity, to 400,000 cars.
“We trusted their promise to help us into the vast Chinese market,” Mr. Yang said. “In the end, they kept none of their promises, and they got what they wanted: our technology.”
Monday, February 16, 2009
Cultural discount, External rofit, Joint-consumption
As Maule (1989: 90) explains, 'the position of successive Canadian governments has been that cultural industries are on a par with national defense, education, and the judiciary and are vital to the preservation of national identity (p. 6)
Colin Hoskins, Stuart McFadyen and Adam finn. Global television and film: An introduction to the economics of the business.
Colin Hoskins, Stuart McFadyen and Adam finn. Global television and film: An introduction to the economics of the business.
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
John Tomlinson and Cultural Imperialism
Original source of the text below is" http://www.bfe2009.net/3.html
John Tomlinson is Professor of Cultural Sociology; Director of the Institute for Cultural Analysis, Nottingham; Head of Research for Cultural, Communications and Media Studies (RAE Unit 66); and Chair of the School Professorial Group at Nottingham Trent University. John Tomlinson is an authority on the cultural aspects of the globalization process and has lectured at many distinguished universities across Europe, the United States and East Asia as well as at venues such as The Bauhaus Institute, Dessau; Tate Britain; The Council of Europe; the Festival Filosofia, Modena and Demos, Hungary. He has worked as a consultant on issues of globalization, culture and politics to several international public sector institutions including UNESCO, The Council of Europe, The Commonwealth Secretariat, and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy and Nato Defence College. Articles, profiles and interviews on his work have been published in national newspapers such as the Asahi Shimbun, Tokyo, the Guanming Daily, Beijing, the Hufvudsbladet, Helsinki and on Finnish Television, YLE TV1 and Italian National Television and Radio (RAI).
John Tomlinson is on the editorial advisory boards of several journals, including Theory, Culture and Society, Journal of International Communication, Global Media and Communication and the Asian Journal of International Studies. Published books include Cultural Imperialism and Globalisation and Culture, and John Tomlinson's recent work has explored the place of speed within modern telemediated culture, resulting in his latest book, The Culture of Speed: The Coming of Immediacy published by Sage Publications in October 2007. He is currently developing research into the constitution of public culture and cultural values within contemporary capitalist societies.
KEYNOTE ABSTRACT
Emergent Agendas of Cultural Globalization
After nearly two decades of analysis of the cultural dimensions of globalization, the overall picture remains far from clear. The early - largely speculative - scenarios of the emergence of either a unified or a uniform global culture have mostly been abandoned, as the inherent complexity of the globalization process has been more properly understood. But we seem to be left with a set of familiar, seemingly intractable, issues. These are either problems of empirical difficulty – for example the nature, extent and significance of Western cultural dominance - or of essential theoretical dispute or value incompatibility - such as the unresolved debate over the competing claims of cultural cosmopolitanism and cultural diversity.
In one way or another, these debates have all been about the contents of global cultures - be these artefacts and their symbolic meanings, beliefs, tastes, styles, values, or identities. However, if we approach culture in a different way – focussing instead upon the core dynamics of global modernity itself – some new issues and perspectives present themselves. The lecture will explore two of these emerging agendas.
The first of these is what I will call the global management of cultural diversity. Whilst it is increasingly clear that global cultural diversity is not directly threatened by an overwhelming tendency towards homogenization, we are nonetheless witnessing a deep transformation in the context in which the diversity of culture exists. The inherently modern drive towards institutional regulation, combined with the ever-rising gradient of the commodification of culture, is producing new - and sometimes perverse - ways in which cultural difference is understood, promoted and valued.
The second agenda concerns the impact of the combination of an accelerating global capitalist economy - ‘fast capitalism’ - and the ubiquity of globalizing media and communications technologies on the common texture of everyday life. The reiterated practices, protocols and routines associated with these core features of contemporary modernity are producing a new and challenging condition that I call ‘global immediacy’, which is displacing some of the founding assumptions of the earlier industrial modernity which gave rise to the globalization process. The coming of immediacy has potentially far-reaching implications for the way in which we understand future cultural production and consumption practices and the values we attach to them.
John Tomlinson is Professor of Cultural Sociology; Director of the Institute for Cultural Analysis, Nottingham; Head of Research for Cultural, Communications and Media Studies (RAE Unit 66); and Chair of the School Professorial Group at Nottingham Trent University. John Tomlinson is an authority on the cultural aspects of the globalization process and has lectured at many distinguished universities across Europe, the United States and East Asia as well as at venues such as The Bauhaus Institute, Dessau; Tate Britain; The Council of Europe; the Festival Filosofia, Modena and Demos, Hungary. He has worked as a consultant on issues of globalization, culture and politics to several international public sector institutions including UNESCO, The Council of Europe, The Commonwealth Secretariat, and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy and Nato Defence College. Articles, profiles and interviews on his work have been published in national newspapers such as the Asahi Shimbun, Tokyo, the Guanming Daily, Beijing, the Hufvudsbladet, Helsinki and on Finnish Television, YLE TV1 and Italian National Television and Radio (RAI).
John Tomlinson is on the editorial advisory boards of several journals, including Theory, Culture and Society, Journal of International Communication, Global Media and Communication and the Asian Journal of International Studies. Published books include Cultural Imperialism and Globalisation and Culture, and John Tomlinson's recent work has explored the place of speed within modern telemediated culture, resulting in his latest book, The Culture of Speed: The Coming of Immediacy published by Sage Publications in October 2007. He is currently developing research into the constitution of public culture and cultural values within contemporary capitalist societies.
KEYNOTE ABSTRACT
Emergent Agendas of Cultural Globalization
After nearly two decades of analysis of the cultural dimensions of globalization, the overall picture remains far from clear. The early - largely speculative - scenarios of the emergence of either a unified or a uniform global culture have mostly been abandoned, as the inherent complexity of the globalization process has been more properly understood. But we seem to be left with a set of familiar, seemingly intractable, issues. These are either problems of empirical difficulty – for example the nature, extent and significance of Western cultural dominance - or of essential theoretical dispute or value incompatibility - such as the unresolved debate over the competing claims of cultural cosmopolitanism and cultural diversity.
In one way or another, these debates have all been about the contents of global cultures - be these artefacts and their symbolic meanings, beliefs, tastes, styles, values, or identities. However, if we approach culture in a different way – focussing instead upon the core dynamics of global modernity itself – some new issues and perspectives present themselves. The lecture will explore two of these emerging agendas.
The first of these is what I will call the global management of cultural diversity. Whilst it is increasingly clear that global cultural diversity is not directly threatened by an overwhelming tendency towards homogenization, we are nonetheless witnessing a deep transformation in the context in which the diversity of culture exists. The inherently modern drive towards institutional regulation, combined with the ever-rising gradient of the commodification of culture, is producing new - and sometimes perverse - ways in which cultural difference is understood, promoted and valued.
The second agenda concerns the impact of the combination of an accelerating global capitalist economy - ‘fast capitalism’ - and the ubiquity of globalizing media and communications technologies on the common texture of everyday life. The reiterated practices, protocols and routines associated with these core features of contemporary modernity are producing a new and challenging condition that I call ‘global immediacy’, which is displacing some of the founding assumptions of the earlier industrial modernity which gave rise to the globalization process. The coming of immediacy has potentially far-reaching implications for the way in which we understand future cultural production and consumption practices and the values we attach to them.
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Tuesday, January 13, 2009
Vernacular Culture
As an analytical category in cultural theory, "vernacular" appeared as early as 1960 in an American Anthropologist article entitled " Vernacular Culture." In this article, Margaret Lantis used the term to refer to "the commonplace" (p. 202). "High" culture was only accessible by the elites of a society, but "vernacular culture" remained accessible to all. From this usage, two vectors of meaning came to be associated with the term. On the one hand, vernacular forms are those available to individuals or groups who are subordinated to institutions, and on the other, they are a common resource made available to everyone through informal social interaction. Based on this dual meaning, the vernacular came to refer to discourse that coexists with dominant culture but is held separate from it.
As the concept emerged in communication studies however, it became bifurcated along these two lines. On the one hand, the vernacular is imagined as local discourse that is distinct from larger institutional discourses. In this "subaltern" view, the vernacular voice is that of the subordinate counteragent seeking to be heard over hegemony. On the other hand, the vernacular is imagined asa shared resource, a sensus communis, or community doxa, In this "common" view, the vernacular is a communal chorus that emerges from the multiplicity of voices speaking in the noninstitutional discursive spaces of quotidian life. Both of these conceptions, however, rely on a strict division that fails to fully account for the vernacular's hybrid characteristics (p. 493).
Howard, G, H. (2008). The vernacular web of participatory media, Critical studies in media communicaition Vol 25(5). pp. 490-513.
As the concept emerged in communication studies however, it became bifurcated along these two lines. On the one hand, the vernacular is imagined as local discourse that is distinct from larger institutional discourses. In this "subaltern" view, the vernacular voice is that of the subordinate counteragent seeking to be heard over hegemony. On the other hand, the vernacular is imagined asa shared resource, a sensus communis, or community doxa, In this "common" view, the vernacular is a communal chorus that emerges from the multiplicity of voices speaking in the noninstitutional discursive spaces of quotidian life. Both of these conceptions, however, rely on a strict division that fails to fully account for the vernacular's hybrid characteristics (p. 493).
Howard, G, H. (2008). The vernacular web of participatory media, Critical studies in media communicaition Vol 25(5). pp. 490-513.
Friday, January 09, 2009
Charles Hedrick
http://polebridgepress.com/Fellows/hedrick.html
Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies
Southwest Missouri State University
Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies
Southwest Missouri State University
Wednesday, January 07, 2009
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